Traditional machining methods (common machining) are the same as precision and ultra-precision machining methods.With the adoption of new technology, new technology, new equipment and new testing technology and equipment, its processing precision is constantly improving.
The continuous improvement of machining precision reflects the development trend of material segmentation from macroscopic to microcosmic.As time goes on, the machining precision that was thought to be difficult to achieve becomes relatively easy.So ordinary processing, precision processing and ultra-precision processing are just relative concepts. Right?The boundaries between them change over time.The typical example of precision cutting and ultra-precision machining is diamond cutting.
Take diamond cutting for example.The radius of the circular arc at the blade edge is always developing in a smaller direction.Because its size directly affects the roughness of the processed surface, it is directly related to the reflectance of the optical mirror, which requires higher and higher reflectance of the equipment.For example, the reflectance of laser gyro reflector has been proposed to reach 99.99%, which inevitably requires diamond tool to be more sharp.In order to carry out the test of thin cutting edge, the target is to reach chip thickness nm, and the radius of the tool edge arc should approach 2.4nm.In order to reach this height, the diamond grinder changed the traditional structure.The spindle bearing adopts air bearing as its support. The end face of the grinding disc can be adjusted on the machine tool by itself, so that its end face can be controlled below 0.5m.
As for cutting tools, diamond grinding wheel is adopted to control the amount of back draft and feed. In ultra-precision grinding machine, ductility grinding, namely nanometer grinding, can be carried out.Optical mirrors can be obtained even on the surface of glass.2 precision processing and ultra-precision processing from the perspective of long-term development, the development trend of manufacturing technology is the current world development the main direction and strategy of the national economy, is one of the important means of a national economic development, is also a national independence, prosperity and economic steady development, science and technology leading the long-term strategy.The development of science and technology also puts forward higher requirements for precision machining and ultra-precision machining.From big to astronomical telescope lens, small to large scale integrated electrical route microns wide requirements of micro engineering and micro/nano size of micro mechanical parts, regardless of size, its maximum size precision tend to nanometer;The shape of parts is also becoming more and more complex. Various aspheric surfaces are very typical geometric shapes nowadays.Micromachinery technology brings a new trend for ultra-precision manufacturing technology.Its fine degree make faces a new challenge to the traditional manufacturing technology, promoting the improvement of the various product technical performance, development present a spiral circulation development, directly to the progress of science and technology and make contribution to human civilization.The pursuit of high quality, miniaturization, high reliability and high performance has enabled the rapid development of ultra-precision processing technology, which has become an important part of modern manufacturing industry